1. Basic Concept and ClassificationA clamp or gripper is a common actuating element in automation equipment, used to grasp, fix, or transfer a workpie...

A spring-loaded ball plunger (often called a ball plunger or spring plunger) uses an internal spring to hold a steel ball against a workpiece or a loc...

Internal retaining rings (internal circlips) are seated in a machined groove inside a bore to locate and axially retain a component. They are cheap an...

1. Definition and Role of Seals1.1 Basic conceptA seal (sealing ring) is a component used to prevent fluid or solid particles from leaking through the...

1. What Free Length and Working Height MeanThe free length of a compression spring is its natural length with no external force applied. The working h...